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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalem | om nulkale |
| 2SG: | nulkalet | ot nulkale |
| 3SG: | nulkala | ok/ogeš nulkale |
| 1PL: | nulkalena | ona/ogə̑na nulkale |
| 2PL: | nulkaleda | oda/ogə̑da nulkale |
| 3PL: | nulkalat | ogə̑t nulkale |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑šə̑m | šə̑m nulkale |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ nulkale |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑š | ə̑š nulkale |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑šna | ə̑šna nulkale |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑šda | ə̑šda nulkale |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑št | ə̑št nulkale |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalenam | nulkalen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | nulkalenat | nulkalen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | nulkalen | nulkalen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | nulkalenna | nulkalen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | nulkalenda | nulkalen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | nulkalenə̑t | nulkalen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalem ə̑l'e | om nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalet ə̑l'e | ot nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkala ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkaleda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t nulkale ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalem ulmaš | om nulkale ulmaš |
| 2SG: | nulkalet ulmaš | ot nulkale ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkala ulmaš | ok/ogeš nulkale ulmaš |
| 1PL: | nulkalena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na nulkale ulmaš |
| 2PL: | nulkaleda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da nulkale ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalat ulmaš | ogə̑t nulkale ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalenam ə̑l'e | nulkalen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalenat ə̑l'e | nulkalen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkalen ə̑l'e | nulkalen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalenna ə̑l'e | nulkalen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkalenda ə̑l'e | nulkalen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalen ə̑l'e | nulkalen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalenam ulmaš | nulkalen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | nulkalenat ulmaš | nulkalen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkalen ulmaš | nulkalen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | nulkalenna ulmaš | nulkalen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | nulkalenda ulmaš | nulkalen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalen ulmaš | nulkalen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nulkale | it nulkale |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑že | ə̑nže nulkale |
| 1PL: | (nulkalena) | (ona/ogə̑na nulkale) |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑za | ida nulkale |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑št | ə̑nə̑št nulkale |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑nem | ə̑nem nulkale |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑net | ə̑net nulkale |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑neže | ə̑než nulkale |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑nena | ə̑nena nulkale |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑neda | ə̑neda nulkale |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nešt | ə̑nešt nulkale |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | nulkalə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | nulkalə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda nulkale ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt nulkale ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | nulkalə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net nulkale ulmaš |
| 3SG: | nulkalə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než nulkale ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | nulkalə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda nulkale ulmaš |
| 3PL: | nulkalə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt nulkale ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | nulkalaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | nulkalə̑man |
| Active participle: | nulkalə̑še |
| Passive participle: | nulkalə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | nulkalə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | nulkalə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | nulkalen |
| Negative gerund: | nulkalə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | nulkalə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | nulkalə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | nulkalə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | nulkalə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | nulkalə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||